1. Steroid hormone receptors are examples of activators that bind to which regulatory response element:
a. protein binding domain
b. enhancers
2. DNA sites bound by regulatory transcription factors are:
a. promoters
c. poly-A tails
3. The stability of mRNA can be enhanced by:
a. a short poly-A tail
b.presence of short bits of complementary RNAs (miRNA)
c.addition of acetyl groups
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
4. One mechanism by which regulatory transcription factors called repressors are thought to act is by:
a. by binding to specific activators and preventing their binding to DNA
b. by binding to DNA regulatory sequences in competition with activators
1. Steroid hormone receptors are examples of activators that bind to which regulatory response element:
a. protein binding domain
b. enhancers
2. DNA sites bound by regulatory transcription factors are:
a. promoters
c. poly-A tails
3. The stability of mRNA can be enhanced by:
a. a short poly-A tail
b.presence of short bits of complementary RNAs (miRNA)
c.addition of acetyl groups
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
4. One mechanism by which regulatory transcription factors called repressors are thought to act is by:
a. by binding to specific activators and preventing their binding to DNA
b. by binding to DNA regulatory sequences in competition with activators
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integrate, amplify and distribute messages throughout thecell | ||
Release messages to other cells? | ||
Receive information at the cell surface |
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b. | They are a noncovalent bond | |
c. | They are formed enzymatically in the ER | |
d. | They act as reducing agents | |
e. | they increase protein flexibility |
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nucleases | ||
nitric oxide | ||
hormones | ||
kinases |
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c. | They contain electrostatic interactions | |
d. | They contain variable amino acids | |
e. | ||
What is true of cell signaling?
a. | Extracellular signals transduced by rectors always alter cellbehavior very quickly | |
b. | Some cells require cell signals just to survive | |
c. | Cell signals can be interpreted differently by differentcells | |
d. | B and C only | |
e. | All of the above (A, B and C) |
Histone tails can be modified to change the shape and"tightness" of the nucleosomes. Acetylated histones result in whicheffect?
Open DNA | ||
increased transcription | ||
closed DNA | ||
decreased transcription | ||
1+2 | ||
1+4 | ||
3+4 | ||
2+3 |
Shifting the two bound tRNA from the A and P sites to the E andP sites of the ribosome involves:
a. | The movement of the small ribosome subunit down the mRNAchain | |
b. | The degradation of the A site on ribosome | |
c. | The synthesis of the E site on the ribosome | |
d. | The movement of the large subunit relative to the smallsubunit | |
e. | All of the above |
Intracellular signaling pathways are awesome! What is the onething they can NOT do?
a. | relay the signal, to spread it through the cell | |
b. | nothing, they can communicate any cellular need | |
c. | distribute the signal to more than one effector protein | |
d. | integrate the signal from more than one cellular pathway | |
e. | Amplify the signal received, making the signal stronger |
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Covalent bonds | ||
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none of the above | ||
1,2,3 | ||
1,2,4 | ||
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beta pleated sheets | ||
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Methylation | ||
Acetylation |
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