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Psychology is the study of mind behavior and mind. It concerns the biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that affect how people think, act, and feel.

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in Law·
7 Feb 2023
Fiona, Celine and Donna have recently commenced a business together making custard pies using the name 'FCD's Custard Pies' as their trading name. They also sell coffee and soft drinks.
 
Only Donna has put capital into the business, and no formal agreement exists between them. However, on many occasions Fiona has purchased stock for the business from their various suppliers by using her own money, and she has also set up an account with the suppliers in the name of 'FCD's Custard Pies'. Celine also has often placed orders on behalf of the business with their various suppliers for stock.
 
At their next meeting Fiona suggests selling alcoholic beverages. Donna likes the idea, but Celine does not. Celine says that such a change would require renovation of the shop, and also obtaining a licence to sell alcohol. This requires an application to the relevant government authority, which may reject the application.
 
After giving it lots of thought, Donna decides to leave the business in two months but wants to make sure that she has no further obligations and commitments once she leaves the business.
 
In six months, Celine decides to retire. Upon Celine's retirement, Lucy joins the business (ie, "FCD's Custard Pies'). The business is later sued for defaulting on a loan payment, and both Celine's and Lucy's names are added to the action against the business.
 
Please answer the following questions, and support your answers by the relevant authorities (ie, case law and legislation):
 
2b)
 
(i) What should Donna do before she leaves the business?
 
(ii) Can Celine and/or Lucy be held liable for debts incurred by the 'FCD's Custard Pies'?
in Law·
7 Feb 2023
Fiona, Celine and Donna have recently commenced a business together making custard pies using the name 'FCD's Custard Pies' as their trading name. They also sell coffee and soft drinks.
 
Only Donna has put capital into the business, and no formal agreement exists between them. However, on many occasions Fiona has purchased stock for the business from their various suppliers by using her own money, and she has also set up an account with the suppliers in the name of 'FCD's Custard Pies'. Celine also has often placed orders on behalf of the business with their various suppliers for stock.
 
At their next meeting Fiona suggests selling alcoholic beverages. Donna likes the idea, but Celine does not. Celine says that such a change would require renovation of the shop, and also obtaining a licence to sell alcohol. This requires an application to the relevant government authority, which may reject the application.
 
After giving it lots of thought, Donna decides to leave the business in two months but wants to make sure that she has no further obligations and commitments once she leaves the business.
 
In six months, Celine decides to retire. Upon Celine's retirement, Lucy joins the business (ie, "FCD's Custard Pies'). The business is later sued for defaulting on a loan payment, and both Celine's and Lucy's names are added to the action against the business.
 
Please answer the following questions, and support your answers by the relevant authorities (ie, case law and legislation):
 
(i) Is the business a partnership? Yes/No (explain)
(ii) Should the business name be registered? Yes/No (Explain).
(iii) Can Fiona and Donna validlv decide to embark on the alcohol selling venture without Celine's consent?

 

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austingraves324 asked for the first time
in Law·
31 Jan 2023

INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW 

please quickly thanks !

New Metro Supermarket is a buyer who wants to purchase a cargo of organic white rice from Fairness and Equality (F&E) company. The F&E company agreed to sell rice to New Metro Supermarket by sea freight under a contract of sale based on the FOB terms. According to the terms of the FOB contract, the seller and buyer agreed to conduct a business deal with 1000 bags of organic white rice. Moreover, both parties have decided to arrange shipment at the beginning month of December which is dated 1-5 December 2022, and the buyer then demanded the whole 1000 bags of rice would be received on 20-25 December 2022. 

After signing the contract, F&E company made the proper inspection of the rice to ensure the product met the specifications before loadings. However, the seller failed to guarantee the shipment on time due to the buyer being delayed providing the seller instructions with the shipping information arrangements for loading although the seller has repeated reminders. 

This action has also delayed the vessel's arrival at its final destination, Begawan Port. After that, the buyer received the organic white rice on 2 January 2023 and the shipment  was delayed about 1 week. After ship unloading the goods, the buyer inspected the 1000 bags of rice in the Begawan port, and they found that five bags of rice had been damaged by rats.  

The buyer is dissatisfied with the goods and refuses payment for these damaged goods. Ultimately, the buyer only accepts the 995 bags of organic white rice. However, after three days, the buyer suddenly claimed that the 10 bags of rice were off specifications because these bags of rice were mouldy and therefore the rice did not reach the quality requirements in the contract. The buyer was disappointed and rejected the shipments.

Therefore, the buyer filed a lawsuit against the seller accused of violating the implied provisions of the contract. The buyer wants to claim that the seller should pay compensation because of the late shipment and poor quality. Discuss the following issues:

1. Whether the buyer breaches the contract of sale and needs to bear the risk and cost of the delayed shipment.
2. Whether the legal title to the goods had passed to the buyer upon the shipment.
3. Whether the buyer was entitled to reject the goods after a few days of delivery.

 

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