PSY 341 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Mary Whiton Calkins, Hermann Ebbinghaus, Wilhelm Wundt
Document Summary
Early philosophy: aristotle (384 322 bce, examined perception, memory, and mental imagery, noted that humans acquire knowledge through experience, emphasized empiricism scientific inquiry through observation and experimentation, considered to be first cognitive psychologist. Experimental psychology: wilhelm wundt (1832 1920, founder of experimental psychology, mentored 28,000 students. Introspection systematic analysis of inner sensations: subjective assessments can be inaccurate, edward titchener (1967 1927, aimed to make mental states object of observation, structuralism, atomic view of consciousness. Identify structure of elements of consciousness: trained observers ton report on their internal states. Everyday psychology: william james (1842 1910) James was also interested in everyday psychology: emphasized role of active mind in learning, foreshadowed phenomena that inspired today"s cognitive psychologists, tip-of-the-tongue states. Gestalt psychology: max wertheimer (1880 1943): founder, emphasized active organization of perception and insight in problem solving, whole is different from the sum of its parts.