CHEM 1103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Pentose, Gluconeogenesis, Blood Sugar

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Intense exercise or prolonged fasting can cause this: the key to remember is that brain and red blood cells rely on glucose for energy. Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis: glucose can be broken down, but it can also be formed under certain conditions via gluconeogenesis, occurs primarily in the liver, this pathway uses some common enzymes with glycolysis, but others are unique. Synthesis of pep: phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis requires two enzymes. Pyruvate carboxylase in the mitochondria converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate (oaa) Step 1: pyruvate carboxylase in the mitochondria converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate (oaa) by the addition of co2, atp dependent process. Involves the coenzyme biotin which is bound to pyruvate carboxylase. Step 2: pep carboxykinase converts oaa to pep, this process involves the hydrolysis of gtp (guanosine triphosphate) and the release of co2, this activity is found in both the mitochondria and cytoplasm.