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CHEM102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Arrhenius Equation, Collision Frequency, Collision Theory

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24 Sep 2017

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CHEM102 Full Course Notes

CHEM102 Full Course Notes

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There is an energy barrier that the molecules must overcome. Rate of reaction is sensitive to change in temperature. In most reactions: the change in rate constant, k to the temperature (k) is exponential, for many reactions, an increase of 10oc in temperature doubles the reaction rate. Put forward by arrhenius in 1889, it is in the form of. Equation links the rate constant k with activation energy, ea and temperature, t k = ae-ea/rt. A = arrhenius constant and represents collision frequency factor. (how easy do the molecules collide with each other. ) Ea = activation energy of the reaction / j mol-1 or kj mol-1 e = base of natural logarithm and is equal to 2. 718. R = gas constant and is equal to 8. 314 j k-1 mol-1. The minimum energy the molecules must possess for a chemical reaction to take place is called the activation energy.

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In the collision model it is assumed that reactions occur as a result of collisions between molecules with the correct kinetic energy and orientation. The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur when molecules collide is called the activation energy, E_a. The number of collisions that are favorably oriented for a reaction is described by the frequency factor, A. The Arrhenius equation relates both of these factors to the rate constant, k. k = A middot e^-E_a/(R middot T) where R = 8.314 J/(mol middot K) and T is the temperature in kelvins. Based on the activation energies and frequency factors, rank the following reactions from fastest to slowest reaction rate, assuming they are all at the same temperature. Rank from fastest to slowest reaction rate. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. Fraction of molecules The exponential term in the Arrhenius equation is equal to the fraction of molecules, f, with kinetic energy greater than or equal to the activation energy: f = e^-E_a/(R middot T) Most scientific calculators have an e^x function as the second function of the LN button. Part B A certain reaction with an activation energy of 145 kJ/mol was run at 495 K and again at 515 K. What is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature? Express your answer numerically using one significant figure. In the collision model it is assumed that reactions occur as a result of collisions between molecules with the correct kinetic energy and orientation. The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur when molecules collide is called the activation energy, E_a. The number of collisions that are favorably oriented for a reaction is described by the frequency factor, A. The Arrhenius equation relates both of these factors to the rate constant, k: k = A middot e^-E_a/(R middot T) where R = 8.314 J/(mol middot K) and T is the temperature in kelvins. Part A Based on the activation energies and frequency factors, rank the following reactions from fastest to slowest reaction rate, assuming they are all at the same temperature. Rank from fastest to slowest reaction rate. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. Fraction of molecules The exponential term in the Arrhenius equation is equal to the fraction of molecules, f, with kinetic energy greater than or equal to the activation energy: f = e^E_a/(R middot T) Most scientific calculators have an e^x function as the second function of the LN button. Part B A certain reaction with an activation energy of 145 kJ/mol was run at 495 K and again at 515 K. What is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature? Express your answer numerically using one significant figure. In the collision model it is assumed that reactions occur as a result of collisions between molecules with the correct kinetic energy and orientation. The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur when molecules collide is called the activation energy, Ea. The number of collisions that are favorably oriented for a reaction is described by the frequency factor, A. The Arrhenius equation relates both of these factors to the rate constant, k: k = A middot e^-E_a/(R middot T) where R = 8.314 J/(mol middot K) and T is the temperature in kelvins. Fraction of molecules The exponential term in the Arrhenius equation is equal to the fraction of molecules, f, with kinetic energy greater than or equal to the activation energy: f = e^-E_a/(R middot T) Most scientific calculators have an e^x function as the second function of the LN button. Part B A certain reaction with an activation energy of 14 kJ/mol was run at 495 K and again at 515 K. What is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature? Express your answer numerically using one significant figure.