ASTRON 1F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Asymptotic Giant Branch, Planetary Nebula, Giant Star

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After the helium flash, the stars are on the horizontal branch of the h-r diagram. At first, he fuses to c in the core, while h fuses to he in a shell around the core: in general, stars continue all prior fusion processes in a set of layered shells around the core. Star is smaller and hotter burn up fuel faster than before. Helium is then used up in the core. He fusion in an inner shell and h fusion in an outer shell; degenerate carbon core. Star"s surface gets more luminous and cool, and enters the asymptotic giant branch (agb) of the h-r diagram up and to the right again. Radius approx 1000x original star: beyond earth"s orbit (star consumes inner planets! More than 10,000x as luminous as original star. Cannot hold onto the outer layers easily. Star shrinks and becomes hotter, moving rapidly from right to left across the h-r diagram.

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