PHED-4547EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Metabolic Alkalosis, Respiratory Alkalosis, Respiratory Acidosis

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Amount of h2o and electrolytes in body: represents the balance between amounts ingested in food and fluids and amounts excreted via urine, gastrointestinal tract, perspiration, and as h2o vapor excreted by lungs. Disturbances of h2o balance: dehydration: most common. Inadequate intake: diarrhea or vomiting: excess h2o loss: comatose or debilitated patients, overhydration: less common fluid intake when renal function is impaired: renal disease; excessive intake of fluids; excessive administration of iv fluids. Disturbances of electrolyte balance: conditions that produce h2o imbalance also disturb electrolyte composition, most result from depletion of body electrolytes. Depletion of electrolytes: vomiting or diarrhea: sodium and potassium depletion, excessive use of diuretics, excessive diuresis in diabetic acidosis, renal tubular disease, hyponatremia: lower concentration of sodium ions in extracellular fluid, serious and can be life-threatening. Acidosis: blood ph shifts to acidic side, from an excess of carbonic acid, from a reduced amount of bicarbonate.

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